No, copyright is automatically vested after the work is embodied in a tangible form. However, it is strongly recommended to record it at the Copyright Office as evidence of ownership.

Works that include scientific, artistic, and literary Works, comprise:


a. books, pamphlets, typographical arrangement of published written work, and all other written works; 
b. talks, lectures, speeches, and other similar Works; 
c. visual aids made for educational and scientific purposes; 
d. songs and/or music with or without lyrics; 
e. dramatic works, musical dramas, dances, choreography, puppet shows, pantomimes; 
f. fine artworks in any forms such as paintings, drawings, engravings, calligraphy, carvings, sculptures, or collage; 
g. applied for art works; 
h. architectural works; 
i. maps; 
j. batik artworks or other patterns art; 
k. photographic works; 
l. Portraits; 
m. cinematographic works; 
n. translations, interpretations, alterations, anthologies, databases, adaptation, arrangement, modification, and other works resulting from transformation; 
o. translation, adaptation, arrangement, transformation, or modification of traditional cultural expressions; 
p. compilation of Works or data, whether in a readable format by Computer Program or by other media; 
q. compilation of traditional cultural expressions as long as the compilation constitutes an original work; 
r. video games; and 
s. Computer Programs.

The copyright owner of the said work shall be deemed reverted to the Author when the agreement reaches a period of twenty-five (25) years.

Yes.

It does not have legal effects on third parties.

Copyright protection is an exclusive right of the author vested automatically on the basis of declaratory principle after Works are embodied in a tangible form without reducing by virtue of restrictions in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

Yes.

Unauthorized use of a copyrighted work can be considered an infringement and the author or the copyright holder may take legal action against infringement of copyright

Article 40 of Copyright Law No. 28 of 2014 clearly defines the work protected by copyright. 

The Copyright Law however provide an exception on the use of copyright that are not considered infringement:
a.Publication, Distribution, Communication, and/or Reproduction of State emblems and national anthem in accordance with their original nature; 
b.Any Publication, Distribution, Communication, and/or Reproduction executed by or on behalf of the government, unless stated to be protected by laws and regulations, a statement to such Works, or when Publication, Distribution, Communication, and/or Reproduction to such Works are made; 
c.taking of actual news, either in whole or in part from a news agency, Broadcasting Organization, and newspaper or -20- other similar sources provided that the source is fully cited; or 
d.the production and distribution of the Copyrighted content through information technology and communication media that are not commercial and/or lucrative for the Author or related parties, or the Author expresses no objection to the manufacture and dissemination in question. 
e.Reproduction, Publication, and/or Distribution of Portraits of the President, Vice President, former Presidents, former Vice Presidents, National Heroes, heads of State institutions, heads of ministries/nonministerial government agencies, and/or the heads of regions by taking into account the dignity and appropriateness in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

Use, retrieval, Reproduction, and/or change of Works and/or Related Rights products in whole or substantial part are not regarded as a Copyright infringement if the source is mentioned or cited in full for the purpose of education, research, scientific writing, report writing, writing of critique or review of a problem without prejudicing the reasonable interests of the Author or the Copyright Holder; security and governance, legislative, and judiciary; talks that are only intended for the purpose of education and science; or performances or shows that are free of charge provided that they would not prejudice the reasonable interests of the Author.
Facilitating access to Works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or print disabled and/or users of Braille, audiobooks, or other means, is not considered a Copyright infringement if the source is mentioned or fully cited, except for commercial purposes.

A Reproduction of 1 (one) copy or adaptation of a Computer Program carried out by a legitimate user may be done without the permission from the Author or the Copyright Holder if the copy is used for research and development of the Computer Program; and archive or backup of the Computer Program acquired legally to prevent the loss, damage, or cannot be operated.

Reproduction for the personal use of Works that have been published may only be made for 1 (one) copy and may be carried out without permission from the Author or the Copyright Holder.

Except for the use mentioned above, other unauthorized use of a copyrighted work may be considered an infringement.

No, if without permission of the author.

The right to copyright starts after the Works are embodied in a tangible form.

There are some ways to ensure the unpublished work is protected, amongst others with a contract/agreement. For example, if you are the author of a book, it is important for you to have a contract with the publisher mentioning that you are the copyright holder of the book and a confidentially clause to keep the content of the book confidential until the book is published.

Also, always gather written evidence of your work to prove that you are the author of the work.